Irfan Ahmed, PhD

No doubt that Jianguo is very competitive and sincere in his job and he has proved it but the thing which is needed now is to develop a global mindset. The most important attribute required for effective global leadership is not a new set of skills or experience, but rather a new perspective called a global mindset (Cohen, 2010). Rapid change in the organization’s environment resulting in uncertainty of goals in the issues together with continually increasing complexity of issues present considerable challenges on analytic and deductive modeling and knowledge acquisition approaches. The key function of a leader and managers in this situation is to form visions of the organization in the future (Pispa, 2003). In this way, IT can help to redefine the vision of the organizations and to make the manager’s global mindset. It is critical for top management and IT to agree on where IT is to provide leadership and vision, and where IT is expected to partner and support (Motwani et al, 2000). T

ECONOMETRICS FOR FINANCE The Nature and Purpose of Econometrics •           Financial econometrics:                 The application of statistical and mathematical techniques to problems in finance. EXAMPLES OF THE FINANCIAL PROBLEMS Testing whether financial markets are informational efficient. Testing whether the CAPM or APT represent superior models for the determination of returns on risky assets. Measuring and forecasting the volatility of stock returns. Modelling long-term relationships between prices and exchange rates Testing technical trading to determine which makes the most money. Testing the hypothesis that earnings or dividend announcements have any effect on stock prices. Testing whether markets react to news. Forecasting the correlation between the returns to the stock indices. TYPES OF DATA AND NOTATION •           There are 3 types of data which econometricians might use for analysis:                 1. Time series data