Irfan Ahmed, PhD

Abstract of Research Paper With ongoing globalisation, organisations are increasingly confronted with worldwide competition. In order to build and sustain their competitive advantage, the knowledge and expertise of an organisation's staff needs to be seen as a critical strategic resource. This paper presents a general overview of knowledge management and discusses the transfer of knowledge and expertise throughout organisations operating on a global scale. A particular emphasis is placed on the importance of global assignments in transferring knowledge and furthermore on the implications for HRM practices to ensure the successful and effective retention of expertise. Practical examples are presented from Robert Bosch AG, a German multinational organisation and its Australian subsidiary. In this paper, the term ``expatriate'' is used, however the importance of host country nationals as well as third country nationals should not be ignored in the effective transfer of knowl

Introduction of Research Paper The concept of Islamic banking is gaining momentum nowadays. It has been reported that the establishment of Islamic banks and financial institutions has come as a result of the new challenges posed by the wave of globalisation which has swept all fields of life worldwide.   Despite this rapid growth and expansion of Islamic banking, there are many hurdles and dangers which could be fatal to their operations. In this paper only one danger will be examined - money laundering, which has been characterized as the most serious danger threatening not only the economies of all countries but also their tranquility and political stability............... Published in Journal of Money Laundering Control, Vol. 6 No. 1, pp. 42 - 45, (2002)

Abstract of Research Paper This paper discusses the economic development in Pakistan and Bangladesh. It is a comparative study, which tries to explore the causes and variables involve in creating difference in both country's development. A descriptive method is employed in this regard. This study considers the Democracy, rule of law & governance, Human index, and Economy structure in this regard. Data range from 1980 to 2009. The data range was selected on base of availability of data. Our result reveals better trend in Bangladesh than Pakistan. Published in Interdisciplinary journal of contemporary research in business, Vol. 2 No. 3, pp. 249-262, July 2010 

Abstract of Research Paper Over the past few decades, determining the effects of macroeconomic variables on stock prices and investment decisions has preoccupied the minds of economists. In the literature, there are many empirical studies to disclose the relationship between macroeconomic variables such as interest rate, inflation, exchange rates, money supply etc. and stock prices. However, the direction of causality still remains unresolved in both theory and empirics. In this paper we investigate the causal relationship between stock prices and exchange rates, using data from 23 February 2001 to 11 January 2008 about Turkey. The reason of selecting this period is that exchange rate regime is determined as floating in this period. In this study, national 100, services, financials, industrials, and technology indices are taken as stock price indices. The results of empirical study indicate that there is bidirectional causal relationship between exchange rate and all stock market ind